Connect to and interact with Bluetooth LE peripherals

@nativescript-community/ble

Connect to and interact with Bluetooth LE peripherals.

Installation
API * Prerequisites * Discovery * Connectivity * Interaction * Debugging
Demos and Development
- Repo Setup
- Build
- Demos
Contributing
Questions

Installation

Run the following command from the root of your project:

ns plugin add @nativescript-community/ble

API

Want to dive in quickly? Check out the demo app! Otherwise, mix and match these functions as you see fit:

isBluetoothEnabled

Reports if bluetooth is enabled.

// require the plugin
import { Bluetooth } from '@nativescript-community/ble';
var bluetooth = new Bluetooth();

bluetooth.isBluetoothEnabled().then(
  function(enabled) {
    console.log("Enabled? " + enabled);
  }
);

On Android >= 6 and < 12 you need to request permissions to be able to interact with a Bluetooth peripheral (when the app is in the background) when targeting API level 23+. You need BLUETOOTH and ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION. You should read the doc here

On android >= 12 you need new permissions. You should read the doc here Note that for BLUETOOTH and BLUETOOTH_ADMIN you don't require runtime permission; adding those to AndroidManifest.xml suffices.

Note that hasLocationPermission will return true when:

You're running this on iOS, or
You're targeting an API level lower than 23, or
You're using a device running Android < 6, or
You've already granted permission.

bluetooth.hasLocationPermission().then(
  function(granted) {
    // if this is 'false' you probably want to call 'requestLocationPermission' now
    console.log("Has Location Permission? " + granted);
  }
);

requestLocationPermission

Since plugin version 1.2.0 the startScanning function will handle this internally so it's no longer mandatory to add permission checks to your code.

// if no permission was granted previously this will open a user consent screen
bluetooth.requestLocationPermission().then(
  function(granted) {
    console.log("Location permission requested, user granted? " + granted);
  }
);

enable (Android only)

The promise will be rejected on iOS

// This turns bluetooth on, will return false if the user denied the request.
bluetooth.enable().then(
  function(enabled) {
    // use Bluetooth features if enabled is true 
  }
);

startScanning

A few of the optional params require a bit of explanation:

seconds

Scanning for peripherals drains the battery quickly, so you better not scan any longer than necessary. If a peripheral is in range and not engaged in another connection it usually pops up in under a second. If you don't pass in a number of seconds you will need to manually call stopScanning.

avoidDuplicates

Set this to true if you don't want duplicates with the same serviceUUID reported in "onDiscovered" callback. If true, only the first discovered peripheral with the same serviceUUID will be reported.

skipPermissionCheck

Set this to true if you don't want the plugin to check (and request) the required Bluetooth permissions. Particularly useful if you're running this function on a non-UI thread (ie. a Worker). Relevant on Android only.

filters

It's inefficient to scan for all available Bluetooth peripherals and have them report all services they offer. Moreover on Android if we don't use filters we must have location permissions and have GPS enabled

If you're only interested in finding a heartrate peripheral for instance, pass in service UUID '180d' like this: filters: [{serviceUUID:'180d'}]. If you add 2 or more (comma separated) services then only peripherals supporting ALL those services will match.

Note that UUID's are ALWAYS strings; don't pass integers.

onDiscovered

While scanning the plugin will immediately report back uniquely discovered peripherals.

This function will receive an object representing the peripheral which contains these properties (and types):

UUID: string
name: string
RSSI: number (relative signal strength, can be used for distance measurement)
services?: (optional - this is set once connected to the peripheral)
manufacturerId?: number (optional)
advertismentData?: { localName?:string manufacturerData?: ArrayBuffer; serviceUUIDs?: string[]; txPowerLevel?:number, flags?:number } (optional)

bluetooth.startScanning({
  filters: [{serviceUUID:'180d'}],
  seconds: 4,
  onDiscovered: function (peripheral) {
      console.log("Periperhal found with UUID: " + peripheral.UUID);
  }
}).then(function() {
  console.log("scanning complete");
}, function (err) {
  console.log("error while scanning: " + err);
});

stopScanning

At any time during a scan, being one where you passed in a number or seconds or not, you can stop the scan by calling this function.

You may for instance want to stop scanning when the peripheral you found in startScanning's onDiscovered callback matches your criteria.

bluetooth.stopScanning().then(function() {
  console.log("scanning stopped");
});

connect

Pass in the UUID of the peripheral you want to connect to and once a connection has been established the onConnected callback function will be invoked. This callback will received the peripheral object as before, but it's now enriched with a services property. An example of the returned peripheral object could be:

  peripheral: {
    UUID: '3424-542-4534-53454',
    name: 'Polar P7 Heartrate Monitor',
    RSSI: '-57',
    services: [{    
      UUID: '180d',
      name: 'Heartrate service',
      characteristics: [{
        UUID: '34534-54353-234324-343',
        name: 'Heartrate characteristic',
        properties: {
          read: true,
          write: false,
          writeWithoutResponse: false,
          notify: true
        }
      }]
    }]
  }

Here's the connect function in action with an implementation of onConnected that simply dumps the entire peripheral object to the console:

bluetooth.connect({
  UUID: '04343-23445-45243-423434',
  onConnected: function (peripheral) {
      console.log("Periperhal connected with UUID: " + peripheral.UUID);

      // the peripheral object now has a list of available services:
      peripheral.services.forEach(function(service) {
        console.log("service found: " + JSON.stringify(service));
   });
  },
  onDisconnected: function (peripheral) {
      console.log("Periperhal disconnected with UUID: " + peripheral.UUID);
  }
});

Also note that onDisconnected function: if you try to interact with the peripheral after this event you risk crashing your app.

disconnect

Once done interacting with the peripheral be a good citizen and disconnect. This will allow other applications establishing a connection.

bluetooth.disconnect({
  UUID: '34234-5453-4453-54545'
}).then(function() {
  console.log("disconnected successfully");
}, function (err) {
  // in this case you're probably best off treating this as a disconnected peripheral though
  console.log("disconnection error: " + err);
});

read

If a peripheral has a service that has a characteristic where properties.read is true then you can call the read function to retrieve the current state (value) of the characteristic.

The promise will receive an object like this:

{
  value: <ArrayBuffer>, // an ArrayBuffer which you can use to decode (see example below)
  ios: <72>, // the platform-specific binary value of the characteristic: NSData (iOS), byte[] (Android)
  android: <72>, // the platform-specific binary value of the characteristic: NSData (iOS), byte[] (Android)
  characteristicUUID: '434234-234234-234234-434'
}

Armed with this knowledge, let's invoke the read function:

bluetooth.read({
  peripheralUUID: '34234-5453-4453-54545',
  serviceUUID: '180d',
  characteristicUUID: '3434-45234-34324-2343'
}).then(function(result) {
  // fi. a heartrate monitor value (Uint8) can be retrieved like this:
  var data = new Uint8Array(result.value);
  console.log("Your heartrate is: " + data[1] + " bpm");  
}, function (err) {
  console.log("read error: " + err);
});

write

If a peripheral has a service that has a characteristic where properties.write is true then you can call the write function to update the current state (value) of the characteristic.

The value may be a string or any array type value. If you pass a string you should pass the encoding too

bluetooth.write({
  peripheralUUID: '34134-5453-4453-54545',
  serviceUUID: '180e',
  characteristicUUID: '3424-45234-34324-2343',
  value: [1]
}).then(function(result) {
  console.log("value written");
}, function (err) {
  console.log("write error: " + err);
});

writeWithoutResponse

Same API as write, except that when the promise is invoked the value has not been written yet; it has only been requested to be written an no response will be received when it has.

startNotifying

If a peripheral has a service that has a characteristic where properties.notify is true then you can call the startNotifying function to retrieve the value changes of the characteristic.

Usage is very much like read, but the result won't be sent to the promise, but to the onNotify callback function you pass in. This is because multiple notifications can be received and a promise can only resolve once. The value of the object sent to onNotify is the same as the one you get in the promise of read.

bluetooth.startNotifying({
  peripheralUUID: '34234-5453-4453-54545',
  serviceUUID: '180d',
  characteristicUUID: '3434-45234-34324-2343',
  onNotify: function (result) {
    // see the read example for how to decode ArrayBuffers
    console.log("read: " + JSON.stringify(result));
  }  
}).then(function() {
  console.log("subscribed for notifications");
});

stopNotifying

Enough is enough. When you're no longer interested in the values the peripheral is sending you do this:

bluetooth.stopNotifying({
  peripheralUUID: '34234-5453-4453-54545',
  serviceUUID: '180d',
  characteristicUUID: '3434-45234-34324-2343'
}).then(function() {
  console.log("unsubscribed for notifications");
}, function (err) {
  console.log("unsubscribe error: " + err);
});

Examples:

Basic
- A basic example showing that overriding N gestures works, even in modals

Demos and Development

Repo Setup

The repo uses submodules. If you did not clone with --recursive then you need to call

git submodule update --init

The package manager used to install and link dependencies must be pnpm or yarn. npm wont work.

To develop and test: if you use yarn then run yarn if you use pnpm then run pnpm i

Interactive Menu:

To start the interactive menu, run npm start (or yarn start or pnpm start). This will list all of the commonly used scripts.

Build

npm run build.all

WARNING: it seems yarn build.all wont always work (not finding binaries in node_modules/.bin) which is why the doc explicitly uses npm run

Demos

npm run demo.[ng|react|svelte|vue].[ios|android]

npm run demo.svelte.ios # Example

Contributing

Update repo

You can update the repo files quite easily

First update the submodules

npm run update

Then commit the changes Then update common files

npm run sync

Then you can run yarn|pnpm, commit changed files if any

Update readme

npm run readme

Update doc

npm run doc

Publish

The publishing is completely handled by lerna (you can add -- --bump major to force a major release) Simply run

npm run publish

modifying submodules

The repo uses https:// for submodules which means you won't be able to push directly into the submodules. One easy solution is t modify ~/.gitconfig and add

[url "ssh://git@github.com/"]
    pushInsteadOf = https://github.com/

Questions

If you have any questions/issues/comments please feel free to create an issue or start a conversation in the NativeScript Community Discord.